By Euan McKirdy CNN

(CNN) -- US President Donald Trump's on-again, off-again travel ban is back with the courts after a tumultuous weekend, when an appeals court opted to keep in place the temporary restraining order issued by a federal judge until a final ruling can be made.

Trump's executive order bars citizens of seven Muslim-majority countries -- Iraq, Syria, Iran, Libya, Somalia, Sudan and Yemen -- from entering the US for 90 days, bans all refugees for 120 days and indefinitely halts refugees from Syria.

So what's the latest with one of the new administration's most controversial moves so far?

What happened?

On Friday, federal Judge James Robart of the US District Court for the Western District of Washington temporarily suspended key parts of the executive order nationwide.

The powerful 9th Circuit Court of Appeals, a federal appeals court in San Francisco, early Sunday morning denied the US government's emergency request to resume the ban. That court ordered both sides to submit arguments for and against the ban before a final ruling.

How has Trump taken it?

He's fuming. Over the weekend he fired off several tweets blasting Robart's decision, in one referring to the Bush appointee as a "so called" judge.

In another, he said, "Just cannot believe a judge would put our country in such peril. If something happens blame him and court system. People pouring in. Bad!"

Trump's Justice Department sent out a strongly worded filing, emphasizing that halting enforcement of the travel ban "harms the public" and "second-guesses the President's national security judgment" in the immigration context.

"(Robart's ruling) contravenes the considered judgment of Congress that the President should have the unreviewable authority to suspend the admission of any class of aliens," the Justice Department wrote.

So are people traveling?

Robart's ruling suspended the ban, and the rejection of the appeal means it's no longer in effect until the ruling by the 9th Circuit Court of Appeals.

Recent Clemson University graduate Nazanin Zinouri touched down in Boston's Logan International Airport early Sunday afternoon after more than a day of air travel from Tehran -- she had left the US on vacation on January 20, the day of Trump's inauguration.

"I still can't believe this actually happened," she told CNN at the airport Sunday. "I didn't see this coming any time soon, so this is definitely beyond whatever I could imagine."

Republican Sen. Lindsey Graham shared the news that she was heading back to South Carolina by tweeting "Good news! I know she has lots of friends and co-workers who can't wait to see her. I'm happy she's almost home."

What is the 9th Circuit Court of Appeals?

The three-judge panel of the San Francisco-based court has a reputation as one of the most liberal in the nation -- to the point where some Republican lawmakers have even pushed to split it up in an effort to limit its impact.

The court will not rule on whether the ban is constitutional, but whether it will remain suspended for now.

When could the ruling come?

The 9th Circuit Court of Appeals has asked for both sides to file legal briefs before the court makes its final decision. The government has until 6 p.m. ET Monday evening to submit its briefs.

The government counters that Robart's injunction should be lifted for now and the executive order should go back into effect while the legal process continues.

Lawyers for Washington state and Minnesota will ask the court to leave the temporary restraining order in place, but it's unclear how long the stay will last, or how things will ultimately play out.

How have others reacted?

Senate Majority Leader Mitch McConnell, meanwhile, said Trump isn't likely to get his travel ban implemented by Congress if the courts strike it down.

"I don't know that that's necessary," McConnell told CNN's Jake Tapper on "State of the Union" Sunday. "I mean, the courts are going to decide whether the executive order the President issued is valid or not, and we all follow court orders."

People close to the White House said over the weekend that Trump's attacks will be a problem -- particularly as his administration shepherds his Supreme Court nominee Neil Gorsuch toward confirmation.

What happens if the court rules for -- or against -- the ban?

Trump is unlikely to give up on his executive order, and it is entirely possible that the states would also appeal, should the ruling go against them. So no matter what the ruling is in San Francisco, the next stop will likely be the US Supreme Court.

"Ultimately, one way or another, this case ends up at the Supreme Court," writes CNN legal analyst Danny Cevallos.

"Other cases are pending throughout the country, and the odds are that there will be a serious split among the federal appellate courts, one that can only be resolved by the high court.

"That same court, of course, is currently composed of eight members and capable of a 4-4 split. That's where it gets strange. When cases tie at the Supreme Court, then the appellate court's decision stands."

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